Wells¶

class Wells(node=None, **kwargs)[source]¶

Wells component.

Contains wells and groups in a single tree structure, wells attributes and preprocessing actions.

Parameters:: node (WellSegment, optional) – Root node for well’s tree.

add_null_results_column(segment, column, fill_with=0.0)[source]¶

Add a dummy column to results if it is absent.

Parameters:

segment
column (str) – Column name to add
fill_with (float) – Value to fill the column

Returns:

wells

Return type:

Wells

add_welltrack(segment)[source]¶

Reconstruct welltrack from COMPDAT table.

To connect the end point of the current segment with the start point of the next segment we find a set of segments with nearest start point and take a segment with the lowest depth. Works fine for simple trajectories only.

apply(func, attr, *args, inplace=False, **kwargs)¶

Apply function to attributes.

Parameters:

func (callable) – A function to apply. Must accept data as its first argument.
attr (str, array-like) – Attributes to get data from.
args (misc) – Any additional positional arguments to func.
kwargs (misc) – Any additional named arguments to func.

Returns:

output – Transformed component.

Return type:

BaseComponent

apply_perforations(segment, current_date=None)[source]¶

Open or close perforation intervals for given time interval.

Parameters:: current_date (pandas.Timestamp, optional) – Final date to open new perforations.
Returns:: comp – Wells component with an updated blocks_info attribute which contains: - projections of welltrack in grid blocks - MD values for corresponding grid blocks - ratio of perforated part of the well for each grid block.
Return type:: Wells

property attributes¶: Array of attributes.

blocks_ravel()[source]¶: Transforms block coordinates into 1D representation.

blocks_to_spatial()[source]¶: Transforms block coordinates into 3D representation.

calculate_cf(segment, beta=1, units='METRIC', cf_aggregation='sum', **kwargs)[source]¶

Calculate connection factor values for each grid block of a segment.

Parameters:

beta (list or ndarray, optional) – Additional multiplicator for productivity index of well. Default 1.
units (str, optional) – Utints used. Default ‘METRIC’.
cf_aggregation (str, optional) – Aggragation method for connection factors. Default ‘sum’.

Returns:

comp – Wells component with a ‘CF’ columns in a blocks_info attribute.

Return type:

Wells

property class_name¶: Name of the component.

compute_events(segment, attr='EVENTS')[source]¶

Make events from WCONPROD and WCONINJE if present.

Parameters:: attr (str, optional) – Attribute name for events. Default to ‘EVENTS’.
Returns:: wells – Wells with an event attribute added.
Return type:: Wells

copy()[source]¶: Returns a deepcopy. Cached properties are not copied.

property cum_rates¶: Cumulative rates over all wells.

del_state(*args)¶: State remover.

drop(names)[source]¶

Detach nodes by names.

Parameters:: names (str, array-like) – Nodes to be detached.
Returns:: out – Wells without detached nodes.
Return type:: Wells

drop_empty_groups(logger=None)[source]¶: Drop groups without wells in descendants.

drop_incomplete(logger=None)[source]¶

Drop nodes with missing ‘WELLTRACK’ and ‘PERF’.

Parameters:: logger (logger, optional) – Logger for messages.
Returns:: wells – Wells without incomplete nodes.
Return type:: Wells

drop_outside(keep_ancestors=False, logger=None)[source]¶

Drop nodes with missing ‘BLOCKS’ (outside of the grid).

Parameters:

keep_ancestors (bool) – Keep all ancestors segments for a segment with nonempty ‘BLOCKS’. Setting True might result in segments with empty ‘BLOCKS’, e.g. if a parent has no ‘BLOCKS’ but a child has nonempty ‘BLOCKS’. If False, welltracks may be discontinued. Default False.
logger (logger, optional) – Logger for messages.

Returns:

wells – Wells without outside nodes.

Return type:

Wells

dump(path, **kwargs)¶

Dump attributes into file.

Parameters:

path (str) – Path to output file.
kwargs (dict, optional) – Any kwargs for dump method.

Returns:

comp – BaseComponent unchanged.

Return type:

BaseComponent

static dump_array_ascii(buffer, array, header=None, fmt='%f', compressed=True)¶

Writes array-like data into an ASCII buffer.

Parameters:

buffer (buffer-like)
array (1d, array-like) – Array to be saved
header (str, optional) – String to be written line before the array
fmt (str or sequence of strs, optional) – Format to be passed into numpy.savetxt function. Default to ‘%f’.
compressed (bool) – If True, uses compressed typing style

property empty¶: True if component is empty else False.

empty_like()¶: Get an empty component with the same state and the structure of embedded BaseComponents (if any).

property event_dates¶: List of dates with any event in main branches.

property field¶: Field associated with the component.

fill_na(segment, attr)[source]¶

Fill nan values in wells segment attribute.

Parameters:: attr (str) – Attribute name.
Returns:: comp – Wells with fixed attribute.
Return type:: Wells

filter_blocks_with_perm(segment, permeab)[source]¶: Delete blocks with zero permeability.

get_blocks(segment, logger=None, **kwargs)[source]¶

Calculate grid blocks for the tree of wells.

Parameters:: kwargs (misc) – Any additional named arguments to append.
Returns:: comp – Wells component with calculated grid blocks and well in block projections.
Return type:: Wells

glob(name)[source]¶: Return instances at name supporting wildcards.

group(node_names, group_name)[source]¶

Group nodes in a new group attached to root.

Parameters:

node_names (array-like) – Array of nodes to be grouped.
group_name (str) – Name of a new group.

Returns:

out – Wells with a new group added.

Return type:

Wells

property history_dates¶: List of dates with any history in main branches.

init_state(**kwargs)¶: Init state attributes.

items()¶: Returns pairs of attribute’s names and data.

keys()¶: Array of attributes.

load(path_or_buffer, **kwargs)¶

Load data from a file or buffer.

Parameters:

path_or_buffer (str of string buffer) – Source to read data from.
**kwargs (dict, optional) – Any kwargs to be passed to load method.

Returns:

comp – BaseComponent with loaded attributes.

Return type:

BaseComponent

property main_branches¶: List of main branches names.

property names¶: List of well names.

randomize_events(segment, additive=False, clip=None, equality_condition=None, **kwargs)[source]¶

Add random values to events or fill with new random values.

Parameters:

kwargs (dict) – A dict of {keyword: sampler} pairs. A keyword should be one of event keywords. A sampler should be callable that accepts parameter size (number of samples to generate).
additive (bool) – If True, add random value to existing one. If False, substitute existing value with a new random. Default to False.
clip ((2, ), tuple) – If not None, apply clip with given min and max values.
equality_condition (dict, None) – If not None, randomize only those events that satisfy df[k] == v for all (k, v) from equality_condition.items()

Returns:

wells – Wells with randomized events.

Return type:

Wells

ravel(attr=None, order='F', inplace=True)¶

Ravel attributes where applicable assuming by default Fortran order.

Parameters:

attr (str, array of str) – Attribute to ravel.
order (str) – Numpy reshape order. Default to ‘F’.
inplace (bool) – If True, ravel is made inplace, return BaseComponent. Else, return raveled attribute.

Returns:

out

Return type:

BaseComponent if inplace else raveled attribute itself.

render_tree()[source]¶: Print tree structure.

reshape(attr, newshape, order='C', inplace=True)¶

Reshape numpy.ndarray attributes.

Parameters:

attr (str, array of str) – Attribute to be reshaped.
newshape (tuple) – New shape.
order (str) – Numpy reshape order. Default to ‘C’.
inplace (bool) – If True, reshape is made inplace, return BaseComponent. Else, return reshaped attribute.

Returns:

output

Return type:

BaseComponent if inplace else reshaped attribute itself.

property resolver¶: Tree resolver.

property result_dates¶: List of dates with any result in main branches.

results_to_events(segment, production_mode='BHPT', attr='EVENTS', drop_duplicates=True)[source]¶

Make events from results.

Parameters:

production_mode (str, 'BHPT' or 'LPT'. Default to 'BHPT'.) – Control mode for production wells.
attr (str, optional) – Attribute name for events. Default to ‘EVENTS’.
drop_duplicates (bool, optional) – Drop repeated events. Default to True.

Returns:

wells – Wells with an event attribute added.

Return type:

Wells

property root¶: Tree root.

set_state(**kwargs)¶: State setter.

show_blocks_dynamics(timesteps=None, wellnames=None, figsize=(16, 6))[source]¶

Plot liquid or gas rates and pvt props for a chosen block of a chosen well segment on two separate axes.

Parameters:

timesteps (list of Timestamps) – Dates at which rates were calculated.
wellnames (array-like) – List of wells to plot.
figsize (tuple) – Figsize for two axes plots.

show_rates(timesteps=None, wellnames=None, wells2=None, labels=None, figsize=(16, 6))[source]¶

Plot total or cumulative liquid and gas rates for a chosen node including branches.

Parameters:

timesteps (list of Timestamps) – Dates at which rates were calculated.
wellnames (array-like) – List of wells to show.
figsize (tuple) – Figsize for two axes plots.
wells2 (Wells) – Target model to compare with.

show_rates2(timesteps=None, wellnames=None, wells2=None, labels=None, figsize=(16, 6))[source]¶

Plot total or cumulative liquid and gas rates for a chosen node including branches on two separate axes.

Parameters:

timesteps (list of Timestamps) – Dates at which rates were calculated.
wellnames (array-like) – List of wells to show.
figsize (tuple) – Figsize for two axes plots.
wells2 (Wells) – Target model to compare with.

show_wells(figsize=None, c='r', **kwargs)[source]¶

Return 3D visualization of wells.

Parameters:

figsize (tuple) – Output figsize.
c (str) – Line color, default red.
kwargs (misc) – Any additional kwargs for plot.

split_perforations(segment)[source]¶: Split well perforations in a way that each perforation correspond to one specific cell.

property state¶: Get state.

property total_rates¶: Total rates over all wells.

update(wellsdata, mode='w', **kwargs)[source]¶

Update tree nodes with new wellsdata. If node does not exists, it will be attached to root.

Parameters:

wellsdata (dict) – Keys are well names, values are dicts with well attributes.
mode (str, optional) – If ‘w’, write new data. If ‘a’, try to append new data. Default to ‘w’.
kwargs (misc) – Any additional named arguments to append.

Returns:

out – Wells with updated attributes.

Return type:

Wells

update_wpi_mult(segment, mults)[source]¶

Update WPI multipliers.

Parameters:: mults (pandas.DataFrame) – Multiplyers to be updated. A table with following columns – I: – J: – K: indices – MULT correspnding multipliers
Returns:: Wells component with updated WPI multipliers in perf tables.
Return type:: Wells

values()¶: Returns a generator of attribute’s data.

WellSegment¶

class WellSegment(*args, parent=None, children=None, name=None, ntype=None, **kwargs)[source]¶

Well’s node.

Parameters:

name (str, optional) – Node’s name.
is_group (bool, optional) – Should a node represet a group of wells. Default to False.

is_group¶

Indicator of a group.

Type:: bool

is_main_branch¶

Indicator of a main branch.

Type:: bool

name¶

Node’s name.

Type:: str

fullname¶

Node’s full name from root.

Type:: str

all_perforated_blocks(t=None)[source]¶: List of perforated blocks for current node and all its descendants.

property ancestors¶

All parent nodes and their parent nodes.

>>> from anytree import Node
>>> udo = Node("Udo")
>>> marc = Node("Marc", parent=udo)
>>> lian = Node("Lian", parent=marc)
>>> udo.ancestors
()
>>> marc.ancestors
(Node('/Udo'),)
>>> lian.ancestors
(Node('/Udo'), Node('/Udo/Marc'))

property anchestors¶

All parent nodes and their parent nodes - see ancestors.

The attribute anchestors is just a typo of ancestors. Please use ancestors. This attribute will be removed in the 3.0.0 release.

apply(func, attr, *args, inplace=False, **kwargs)¶

Apply function to attributes.

Parameters:

func (callable) – A function to apply. Must accept data as its first argument.
attr (str, array-like) – Attributes to get data from.
args (misc) – Any additional positional arguments to func.
kwargs (misc) – Any additional named arguments to func.

Returns:

output – Transformed component.

Return type:

BaseComponent

apply_perforations(current_date=None)[source]¶

Open or close perforation intervals for given time interval.

Parameters:

segment (WellSegment) – Well’s node.
current_date (pandas.Timestamp) – Final date to open new perforations.

Returns:

segment – Segment with a blocks_info attribute that contains: - projections of welltrack in grid blocks - MD values for corresponding grid blocks - ratio of perforated part of the well for each grid block.

Return type:

WellSegment

property attributes¶: Array of attributes.

calculate_cf(rock, grid, beta=1, units='METRIC', cf_aggregation='sum')[source]¶

Calculate connection factor values for each grid block of a segment.

Parameters:

rock (Rock) – Rock component of geological model.
grid (Grid) – Rock component of geological model.
segment (WellSegment) – Well’s node.
beta (list or ndarray) – Additional multiplicator for productivity index of well.
units (str, 'METRIC' or 'FIELD') – Field units.
cf_aggregation (str, 'sum' or 'eucl') – The way of aggregating cf projection (‘sum’ - sum, ‘eucl’ - Euclid norm).

Returns:

segment – Segment with a blocks_info attribute extended with calculated connection factor values for all segment blocks.

Return type:

WellSegment

property children¶

All child nodes.

>>> from anytree import Node
>>> n = Node("n")
>>> a = Node("a", parent=n)
>>> b = Node("b", parent=n)
>>> c = Node("c", parent=n)
>>> n.children
(Node('/n/a'), Node('/n/b'), Node('/n/c'))

Modifying the children attribute modifies the tree.

Detach

The children attribute can be updated by setting to an iterable.

>>> n.children = [a, b]
>>> n.children
(Node('/n/a'), Node('/n/b'))

Node c is removed from the tree. In case of an existing reference, the node c does not vanish and is the root of its own tree.

>>> c
Node('/c')

Attach

>>> d = Node("d")
>>> d
Node('/d')
>>> n.children = [a, b, d]
>>> n.children
(Node('/n/a'), Node('/n/b'), Node('/n/d'))
>>> d
Node('/n/d')

Duplicate

A node can just be the children once. Duplicates cause a TreeError:

>>> n.children = [a, b, d, a]
Traceback (most recent call last):
    ...
anytree.node.exceptions.TreeError: Cannot add node Node('/n/a') multiple times as child.

property class_name¶: Name of the component.

copy()[source]¶: Returns a deepcopy. Cached properties are not copied.

property cum_rates¶: Cumulative rates for the current node and all its branches.

del_state(*args)¶: State remover.

property depth¶

Number of edges to the root Node.

>>> from anytree import Node
>>> udo = Node("Udo")
>>> marc = Node("Marc", parent=udo)
>>> lian = Node("Lian", parent=marc)
>>> udo.depth
0
>>> marc.depth
1
>>> lian.depth
2

property descendants¶

All child nodes and all their child nodes.

>>> from anytree import Node
>>> udo = Node("Udo")
>>> marc = Node("Marc", parent=udo)
>>> lian = Node("Lian", parent=marc)
>>> loui = Node("Loui", parent=marc)
>>> soe = Node("Soe", parent=lian)
>>> udo.descendants
(Node('/Udo/Marc'), Node('/Udo/Marc/Lian'), Node('/Udo/Marc/Lian/Soe'), Node('/Udo/Marc/Loui'))
>>> marc.descendants
(Node('/Udo/Marc/Lian'), Node('/Udo/Marc/Lian/Soe'), Node('/Udo/Marc/Loui'))
>>> lian.descendants
(Node('/Udo/Marc/Lian/Soe'),)

drop(attr)¶: Drop an attribute.

dump(path, **kwargs)¶

Dump attributes into file.

Parameters:

path (str) – Path to output file.
kwargs (dict, optional) – Any kwargs for dump method.

Returns:

comp – BaseComponent unchanged.

Return type:

BaseComponent

static dump_array_ascii(buffer, array, header=None, fmt='%f', compressed=True)¶

Writes array-like data into an ASCII buffer.

Parameters:

buffer (buffer-like)
array (1d, array-like) – Array to be saved
header (str, optional) – String to be written line before the array
fmt (str or sequence of strs, optional) – Format to be passed into numpy.savetxt function. Default to ‘%f’.
compressed (bool) – If True, uses compressed typing style

property empty¶: True if component is empty else False.

empty_like()¶: Get an empty component with the same state and the structure of embedded BaseComponents (if any).

property field¶: Field associated with the component.

property fullname¶: Full name from root.

property height¶

Number of edges on the longest path to a leaf Node.

>>> from anytree import Node
>>> udo = Node("Udo")
>>> marc = Node("Marc", parent=udo)
>>> lian = Node("Lian", parent=marc)
>>> udo.height
2
>>> marc.height
1
>>> lian.height
0

init_state(**kwargs)¶: Init state attributes.

property is_group¶: Check that node is a group of wells.

property is_leaf¶

Node has no children (External Node).

>>> from anytree import Node
>>> udo = Node("Udo")
>>> marc = Node("Marc", parent=udo)
>>> lian = Node("Lian", parent=marc)
>>> udo.is_leaf
False
>>> marc.is_leaf
False
>>> lian.is_leaf
True

property is_main_branch¶: Check that node in a main well’s branch.

property is_root¶

Node is tree root.

>>> from anytree import Node
>>> udo = Node("Udo")
>>> marc = Node("Marc", parent=udo)
>>> lian = Node("Lian", parent=marc)
>>> udo.is_root
True
>>> marc.is_root
False
>>> lian.is_root
False

items()¶: Returns pairs of attribute’s names and data.

iter_path_reverse()¶

Iterate up the tree from the current node to the root node.

>>> from anytree import Node
>>> udo = Node("Udo")
>>> marc = Node("Marc", parent=udo)
>>> lian = Node("Lian", parent=marc)
>>> for node in udo.iter_path_reverse():
...     print(node)
Node('/Udo')
>>> for node in marc.iter_path_reverse():
...     print(node)
Node('/Udo/Marc')
Node('/Udo')
>>> for node in lian.iter_path_reverse():
...     print(node)
Node('/Udo/Marc/Lian')
Node('/Udo/Marc')
Node('/Udo')

keys()¶: Array of attributes.

property leaves¶

Tuple of all leaf nodes.

>>> from anytree import Node
>>> udo = Node("Udo")
>>> marc = Node("Marc", parent=udo)
>>> lian = Node("Lian", parent=marc)
>>> loui = Node("Loui", parent=marc)
>>> lazy = Node("Lazy", parent=marc)
>>> udo.leaves
(Node('/Udo/Marc/Lian'), Node('/Udo/Marc/Loui'), Node('/Udo/Marc/Lazy'))
>>> marc.leaves
(Node('/Udo/Marc/Lian'), Node('/Udo/Marc/Loui'), Node('/Udo/Marc/Lazy'))

load(path_or_buffer, **kwargs)¶

Load data from a file or buffer.

Parameters:

path_or_buffer (str of string buffer) – Source to read data from.
**kwargs (dict, optional) – Any kwargs to be passed to load method.

Returns:

comp – BaseComponent with loaded attributes.

Return type:

BaseComponent

property name¶: Node’s name.

property ntype¶: Node’s type.

property parent¶

Parent Node.

On set, the node is detached from any previous parent node and attached to the new node.

>>> from anytree import Node, RenderTree
>>> udo = Node("Udo")
>>> marc = Node("Marc")
>>> lian = Node("Lian", parent=marc)
>>> print(RenderTree(udo))
Node('/Udo')
>>> print(RenderTree(marc))
Node('/Marc')
└── Node('/Marc/Lian')

Attach

>>> marc.parent = udo
>>> print(RenderTree(udo))
Node('/Udo')
└── Node('/Udo/Marc')
    └── Node('/Udo/Marc/Lian')

Detach

To make a node to a root node, just set this attribute to None.

>>> marc.is_root
False
>>> marc.parent = None
>>> marc.is_root
True

property path¶

Path from root node down to this Node.

>>> from anytree import Node
>>> udo = Node("Udo")
>>> marc = Node("Marc", parent=udo)
>>> lian = Node("Lian", parent=marc)
>>> udo.path
(Node('/Udo'),)
>>> marc.path
(Node('/Udo'), Node('/Udo/Marc'))
>>> lian.path
(Node('/Udo'), Node('/Udo/Marc'), Node('/Udo/Marc/Lian'))

perforated_blocks(t=None)[source]¶: List of perforated blocks for current node.

perforated_indices(t=None)[source]¶: Mask indicating perforated blocks.

ravel(attr=None, order='F', inplace=True)¶

Ravel attributes where applicable assuming by default Fortran order.

Parameters:

attr (str, array of str) – Attribute to ravel.
order (str) – Numpy reshape order. Default to ‘F’.
inplace (bool) – If True, ravel is made inplace, return BaseComponent. Else, return raveled attribute.

Returns:

out

Return type:

BaseComponent if inplace else raveled attribute itself.

reshape(attr, newshape, order='C', inplace=True)¶

Reshape numpy.ndarray attributes.

Parameters:

attr (str, array of str) – Attribute to be reshaped.
newshape (tuple) – New shape.
order (str) – Numpy reshape order. Default to ‘C’.
inplace (bool) – If True, reshape is made inplace, return BaseComponent. Else, return reshaped attribute.

Returns:

output

Return type:

BaseComponent if inplace else reshaped attribute itself.

property root¶

Tree Root Node.

>>> from anytree import Node
>>> udo = Node("Udo")
>>> marc = Node("Marc", parent=udo)
>>> lian = Node("Lian", parent=marc)
>>> udo.root
Node('/Udo')
>>> marc.root
Node('/Udo')
>>> lian.root
Node('/Udo')

separator = '/'¶

set_state(**kwargs)¶: State setter.

property siblings¶

Tuple of nodes with the same parent.

>>> from anytree import Node
>>> udo = Node("Udo")
>>> marc = Node("Marc", parent=udo)
>>> lian = Node("Lian", parent=marc)
>>> loui = Node("Loui", parent=marc)
>>> lazy = Node("Lazy", parent=marc)
>>> udo.siblings
()
>>> marc.siblings
()
>>> lian.siblings
(Node('/Udo/Marc/Loui'), Node('/Udo/Marc/Lazy'))
>>> loui.siblings
(Node('/Udo/Marc/Lian'), Node('/Udo/Marc/Lazy'))

property size¶

Tree size — the number of nodes in tree starting at this node.

>>> from anytree import Node
>>> udo = Node("Udo")
>>> marc = Node("Marc", parent=udo)
>>> lian = Node("Lian", parent=marc)
>>> loui = Node("Loui", parent=marc)
>>> soe = Node("Soe", parent=lian)
>>> udo.size
5
>>> marc.size
4
>>> lian.size
2
>>> loui.size
1

property state¶: Get state.

property total_rates¶: Total rates for the current node and all its branches.

values()¶: Returns a generator of attribute’s data.

Wells¶

Wells¶

WellSegment¶

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